Parkland Formula (Burns Fluid Resuscitation) — Free Online Calculator
Input
Total 24hr Fluid
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First 8 Hours Rate
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Next 16 Hours Rate
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About This Calculator
The Parkland formula (also known as the Baxter formula) estimates the total crystalloid fluid requirement for burn resuscitation in the first 24 hours following a major burn injury. It is one of the most widely used formulas for guiding initial fluid resuscitation in burn patients. The calculated volume is divided: half given in the first 8 hours from the time of burn, and the remaining half over the next 16 hours.
Formula
Interpretation
| Total Fluid (mL) | Consideration |
|---|---|
| ≤ 5,000 | Standard resuscitation |
| 5,001 – 10,000 | Large volume — close monitoring |
| > 10,000 | Massive — risk of fluid overload |
References
Frequently Asked Questions
What fluid is used in the Parkland formula?
The Parkland formula uses Lactated Ringer's solution (crystalloid). Colloid solutions are generally not given in the first 24 hours in the classic Parkland approach, though some modified protocols include colloid after 8–12 hours.
Why is the first 8 hours calculated from time of burn, not admission?
Fluid losses begin at the time of burn injury, not hospital arrival. The first 8 hours of resuscitation are measured from the time of the burn. Any prehospital fluids given should be subtracted from the first 8-hour volume.
What is fluid creep in burn resuscitation?
Fluid creep refers to the tendency to administer volumes exceeding the Parkland calculation. This can cause complications including abdominal compartment syndrome, pulmonary edema, and extremity compartment syndrome. Urine output (0.5–1 mL/kg/hr in adults) should guide titration.
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⚠ Medical Disclaimer
This tool is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended to replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for clinical decisions.